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Re-blog: Nature Study Rigged to Shakedown Big and Little Oil
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Second thought experiment on CO2 with Grok
Abstract: CO₂ flux shifts from absorption to emission as sea surface temperature (SST) rises, with a ~4% decrease in absorption per °C.
Objective:
Quantify CO₂ and water vapor fluxes as a function of SST in a controlled ocean-like system.
Setup:
Apparatus: A temperature-controlled seawater tank (e.g., 100 L) equipped with a gas analyzer (e.g., an Agilent GC/MS, or a LI-COR LI-850 for CO₂) and humidity sensor (e.g., Vaisala HMP60). Use a heat exchanger to vary water temperature (15°C to 30°C) and a fan to simulate wind-driven turbulence.
Procedure:
- Fill the tank with seawater (salinity ~35 psu to represent typical ocean salinity) and equilibrate with ambient air (CO₂ ~420 ppm).
- Measure initial CO₂ concentration in water (Cw) using titration or a pCO₂ sensor and atmospheric CO₂ (Ca).
- Incrementally increase SST by 1°C intervals, maintaining constant wind speed (e.g., 5 m/s).
- Record CO₂ flux using the gas analyzer and water vapor flux via humidity changes over 30-minute intervals at each temperature.
- Calculate kw using empirical models (e.g., Wanninkhof, 2014: kw = 0.251 * u² * (Sc / 660)^(-0.5), where u is wind speed and Sc is the Schmidt number, temperature-dependent). [The Schmidt number (Sc) is a dimensionless parameter in fluid dynamics and mass transfer, defined as the ratio of kinematic viscosity (ν) to mass diffusivity (D):
Sc = ν / D It characterizes the relative thickness of the momentum boundary layer to the concentration boundary layer, indicating the relative rates of momentum and mass diffusion. Sc is temperature-dependent because both ν (via dynamic viscosity μ and density ρ) and D increase with temperature, typically causing Sc to decrease (e.g., for CO₂ in seawater, Sc ≈ 660 at 20°C but drops significantly at higher temperatures due to faster D growth, at least this I what I have read so far].
Data Analysis:
• Plot CO₂ flux (FCO2) and water vapor flux vs. SST. (This is flux as in Fick’s Law not flow rate.)
• Fit data to the flux equation and Clausius-Clapeyron relation to derive ∂F / ∂T. (Note partial derivatives.)
• Estimate rate of change by correlating flux changes with dT / dt (e.g., 0.1°C/day).
Expected Results:
• CO₂ flux shifts from absorption to emission as SST rises, with a ~4% decrease in absorption per °C.
• Water vapor flux increases exponentially, roughly doubling from 15°C to 30°C. This experiment provides empirical data to validate theoretical models and quantify SST-driven changes in gas and vapor fluxes, relevant to climate modeling.
Sources:
Grok (xAI). (2025). Conversations with Grok [Large language model]. xAI. Retrieved September 8, 2025, from https://grok.com
Wanninkhof, R. (1992) Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange over the ocean. Journal of Geophysical Research:Oceans. 95(C5) pages 7373-7382. https://doi.org/10.1029/92JC00188
Wanninkhof, R. (2014) Relationship between wind speed and gas exchange (revisited). Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, 119(5), pages 1851–1866. https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2014.12.351
First thought experiment on CO2 with Grok:
PS: See Bob Weber’s work. You may want to follow Bob relating especially to SST varying by surface area. bob@electricweather.com
PSS: In the experiment above, the biological content in the tank of natural seawater could also be varied by quantity, species, and growth state. Varying wind speed or currents in water also possible. In another variation, temperature change of the surface thin layer due to changes in CO2 partial pressure or concentration in the headspace could also be monitored.
PSSS: This thought experiment is not quite ready for prime time. I need to investigate regarding the need to temperature weight geographic surface areas (cells) by a method to be determined, as implied by the works of Bob Weber. For example, square miles per day of surface at 25 C versus square miles per day of surface at 26 C would have different net flux of CO2. Some literature suggests this area delta T is already compensated. It may be necessary to add to this experiment an IR pyrometer for precisely measuring the macroscopically thin surface skin T (vs. a bulk probe T which includes the well mixed layer below the thin layer surface). Insolation (e.g., via lamps) at low fan speeds can mimic, and fit ∂F/∂T. Maybe some form of a T⁴ term in the energy balance to compensate for insolation at the surface, like for Qnet → SST evolution analogous to thermodynamics. [Stefan-Boltzmann law states that the energy radiated by a blackbody is proportional to the fourth power of its absolute temperature.] So far I do not see how a vertical temperature gradient across ocean thin layer compensates for either a horizontal or a earth curved gradient across surface geographical cells with regard to net flux of CO2 from/to the surface. If you have pertinent references, please comment of advise. Climate orthodoxy going back to Bert Bolin, the first head of IPCC, in his 1960’s era papers ignores surface area, and AI engines today continue his narrative, which led to his error that ocean does not have enough chemical capacity to absorb human-produced CO2 emissions. He concluded that human-produced CO2 emissions were causing the slope of the Keeling Curve. Fick’s Law defines net flux as dependent on surface area and well as gradient across a thickness of surface and the diffusion constant. We showed in Bromley & Tamarkin (2022) that ocean has demonstrated far more chemical capacity than needed to absorb and then re-emit human-produced-CO2 in addition to naturally produced CO2.
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Criminal politicians
by Bill Melugin @BillMelugin. Bud’s comments down below.
September 11, 2025
BREAKING: Per multiple federal sources to @FoxNews , the suspect arrested in the grisly machete beheading of a motel manager in Dallas, TX yesterday is a Cuban illegal alien who was released into the US by the Biden admin in January despite having an active deportation order.
I’m told YORDANIS COBOS-MARTINEZ was released from ICE custody by the Biden admin on 1/13/2025, one week before Trump took office, due to “no significant likelihood of removal in the forseeable future”. The Biden admin didn’t believe they could enforce his deportation order and remove him because Cuba doesn’t cooperate, and they did not conduct third party country deportations the way the Trump administration does. (sending aliens to countries they aren’t nationals of).
Cobos-Martinez has a prior criminal history of:
False imprisonment in CA (unknown disposition)
Indecency with a child in Texas (dismissed)
Grand theft of vehicle in Florida (dismissed)
Carjacking & false imprisonment in CA (acquitted on carjacking, convicted of false imprisonment).
Disturbing surveillance video shows Cobos-Martinez allegedly kicking and picking up the victim’s severed head in the motel parking lot as it drips blood, before he places it into a dumpster. It reportedly all started with an argument with the motel manager, and the beheading took place in front of the victim’s wife and son.
Bud’s comment: Democrats (i.e. communists) as well as judges and prosecutors funded, promoted, and celebrated by Soros, Obama, Schumer, etc. are causing this problem. It cannot be dismissed as simple neglect. This is strategic disruption of the nation to foment revolution. Of course they all have rhetorical denials.
These radicals arranged a dangerous combination of radical Islamists, far left wing Democrats (communists), illegal aliens and gang members unhinged from their culture but also not loyal to America or even interested in assimilation with U.S. society, but rather they denounce it, and support massive release or non-prosecution of unstable persons and violent criminals, and active promotion of anti-social, emotionally and psychologically dis-functioning people such as several members of the Biden administration and child sex traffickers. And they arranged that criminals were seldom prosecuted and removed from society but instead their political opponents were prosecuted non-stop; meanwhile mainstream media, law firms and organizations such as Southern Poverty Law Center focused on the latter.
For example, George Soros has invested significantly in judicial reform initiatives in the United States, primarily through funding progressive prosecutors. Since 2016, he has donated sums exceeding $1 million to local district attorney campaigns via the Safety and Justice PAC, supporting criminal justice reform proponents. Over the past decade, Soros has spent at least $50 million to elect what critics describe as “social justice” prosecutors across the country, funding, directly and indirectly, to as many as 75 district attorneys who advocate for criminal justice “reform,” who collectively represent more than 70 million people. This funding, often channeled through political action committees like the Safety and Justice PAC and the Mississippi Justice and Public Safety PAC, has been instrumental in electing prosecutors who prioritize bail reform, decriminalization of low-level offenses, and alternatives to incarceration.
One prominent example includes approximately $1.7 million in funding for Larry Krasner’s successful campaign for district attorney in Philadelphia. Soros-backed prosecutors have implemented policies such as eliminating cash bail for certain offenses and reducing prosecution of misdemeanors and non-violent crimes. For example, John Chisholm in Milwaukee County released Darrell Brooks on $1,000 bail five days before Brooks drove through a Christmas parade, killing six people. Similarly, Kim Foxx in Chicago faced criticism for declining to prosecute various offenses, which some analysts link to a rise in homicides from an average of 501 annually before her tenure to 666 during her time in office.
Critics argue that these reforms have contributed to rising crime rates in cities where Soros-backed prosecutors hold office. Reports cite increases in violent crime, including a 26% rise in homicides in Orlando during Aramis Ayala’s tenure and a 40% increase in aggravated assaults in Arlington County after Parisa Dehghani-Tafti took office. In Baltimore, murders rose nearly 50% between 2015 and 2019 under Marilyn Mosby, another Soros-supported prosecutor. Other jurisdictions, including San Francisco under Chesa Boudin, saw significant increases in property crime, with some attributing the rise to policies that decriminalized shoplifting and reduced prosecution rates.
Supporters of these reforms, including Soros himself, argue that traditional criminal justice disproportionately harms marginalized communities and that reinvesting in mental health response, youth programs, and rehabilitation is more effective for long-term public safety. Soros contends that factors such as the pandemic’s mental health impact, reduced policing, and gun trafficking are more significant contributors to recent crime increases than prosecutorial policies.
However, a backlash has emerged, with several high-profile Soros-backed prosecutors being recalled, resigning, or choosing not to seek re-election amid public criticism and legal challenges. Examples include Chesa Boudin’s 2022 recall in San Francisco, Kim Gardner’s resignation in St. Louis, and Monique Worrell’s suspension by Florida Governor Ron DeSantis. This shift suggests growing voter concern over the perceived consequences of progressive prosecutorial policies on public safety.
Similar examples can be produced for arguably treasonous activities by Barack Obama and his sycophants, Chuck Schumer, Nancy Pelosi, John Brennan, etc. How many times did Soros and members of his organizations visit the Whitehouse during the Obama and Biden administrations? Did Soros or U.S. agencies fund or instigate riots such as those following George Floyd’s death, but also January 6th? There is an active effort to tear down society by violence, crime and chaos by Antifa, BLM and myriad other groups along with massive depletion of public resources. Radicals hope for exhaustion of patience and eventual resort to violence by conservatives, centrists, etc. This is an old plot used by White Russians, the Red Russians, then the Bolsheviks in the Russian Revolutions, resulting in the deaths of tens of millions of Russians and other ethnic groups in Russia not during war time. Theoretically in the minds of these radicals, this would lead to revolution, destruction of capitalism, and elimination of national and personal sovereignty except as lip service, and finally domination by an elite who believe they know better, based on their various psychopathologies.
It appears to be a human characteristic that some cannot handle freedom, which is revealed by perpetually playing the victim.
A key part of this radical revolutionary strategy is often associated with two Columbia University professors, Richard Cloward and Frances Fox Piven, is known as the Cloward-Piven strategy. It was proposed in a May 1966 article titled “The Weight of the Poor: A Strategy to End Poverty” published in left wing The Nation magazine. The strategy aimed to create a crisis in the U.S. welfare system by encouraging large numbers of eligible but unenrolled individuals to apply for welfare benefits simultaneously. In the Biden administration, this strategy was rapidly accelerated by opening U.S. borders to more than 15 million illegal aliens and providing illegal living benefits at taxpayer expense. And lawyers and judges block attempts to stop of reverse the invasion and misuse of resources. The resulting strain on government resources, according to the theory, would overwhelm the system and force the adoption of more radical, leftist social policies such as a guaranteed annual income.
Cloward and Piven, both sociology professors at Columbia University’s School of Social Work and married to each other, believed that systemic change could be achieved not through violent revolution but by leveraging the political power of the poor to create structural crisis and reform, essentially the reforms (or more precisely said the de-evolution of the U.S. Constitution) along the lines of Soros’s Open Society Foundation. They argued that mass mobilization of the poor could disrupt existing political and economic systems, leading to transformative policy shifts being demanded by the people in return for safety.
This strategy was linked to real-world organizing efforts, including the formation of the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO) in the late 1960s, which sought to increase welfare enrollment and advocate for the rights of welfare recipients. During the Biden administration this was expanded to include USAID, United Nations, Red Cross, Catholic Church and myriad NGOs funded directly and indirectly by U.S. taxpayers and of course more federal debt. While the Cloward-Piven strategy was ostensibly intended as a means to achieve social justice and end poverty, it has since been used as a deliberate plan to destabilize government institutions.
“The plan was first put into practice in New York City in the late 1960s, where Cloward and Piven organized the National Welfare Rights Organization (NWRO) to increase the number of people on welfare. The NWRO was successful in getting thousands of new people to apply for welfare benefits, which led to a budget crisis in New York City and forced the government to adopt more progressive policies.”
“Today, many conservatives believe that what is happening in America is a clear execution of the Cloward-Piven plan. They point to the Biden administration’s push for massive spending on welfare programs, such as the $1.9 trillion COVID relief bill, which includes a $300 weekly unemployment benefit on top of existing state benefits. They argue that this is just the first step in a larger plan to create a crisis in the welfare system and force the government to adopt even more radical policies.” ~https://politicrossing.com/the-two-little-known-columbia-professors-who-planned-the-collapse-of-america-in-1966/ or politicrossing.com
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the existential crisis
The existential crisis is not whether or not the earth is catastrophically warming, or whether or not climate change is reaching or past a tipping point. The existential crisis is that a large number of humans believe there is an existential crisis without sufficient evidence. This is hubris. A large number of humans are unable to think for themselves, though they may be called experts, professors and so forth.
Recall the trials in Salem Massachusetts and elsewhere globally when supposed witches were burned. Judges including my ancestors allowed “witches” to be burned.
The existential crisis is the de-evolution of humanity by satan.
In other words, the existential crisis is the loss of faith in God and his messenger Jesus, the Christ of Nazareth. This crisis is the work of satan and his followers.
Caveat emptor
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The Overpopulation Myth
This topic will be familiar to readers of my blog. Use the search bar for Malthus, eugenics, depopulation, ecoscience, etc. Population growth rate has been declining for decades. Report here by American Institute for Economic Research 3 September 2025 and introduce Rhoda Wilson at The Expose


Overpopulation myth: Propaganda is the reason for the sharp population declines facing most developed nations
By Rhoda Wilson at The Expose News on and AIER (American Institute for Economic Research)
The Earth is expected to reach “peak population” before the end of this century, with most developed nations facing sharp population declines and ageing populations.
The reason for this decline is attributed to the fear of overpopulation, which was perpetuated by thinkers like Paul Ehrlich and led to the implementation of draconian family planning measures, including coercive sterilisations and abortions.
Many countries, including Japan, South Korea and Italy, are already experiencing population decline, and the world population is expected to peak between 2060 and 2080, followed by a decline, with significant consequences for the global economy and society.
The world is not overpopulated, AEIR explains. If the entire world’s population moved to Texas, the population density would be a little more than New York, much less than Paris and dramatically less than Manila.
Peak Population: Prepare for a Shrinking World
By American Institute for Economic Research (“AEIR”), 3 September 2025
Earth is going to hit “peak population” before the end of this century. Within 25 years, most of the world’s developed nations will be facing sharp population declines, with shrinking pools of young people working to support an ever-ageing population.
The reason is not famine, war or pestilence. We did this to ourselves by creating a set of draconian solutions to a problem that didn’t even exist. Fear has always been the best tool for social control, and the fear of humanity was deployed by generations of “thinkers” on the control-obsessed left.
Most starkly, Paul Ehrlich made a remarkably frightening, and entirely false, prediction in 1968, in his book ‘Population Bomb’ (PDF):
The battle to feed all of humanity is over. In the 1970s the world will undergo famines – hundreds of millions of people are going to starve to death in spite of any crash programs embarked upon now. At this late date nothing can prevent a substantial increase in the world death rate …
We may be able to keep famine from sweeping across India for a few more years. But India can’t possibly feed two hundred million more people by 1980. Nothing can prevent the death of tens of millions of people in India in the 1970s[1] …
And England? If I were a gambler, I would take even money that England will not exist in the year 2000.[2]
[Note from The Exposé: There have been many versions of ‘The Population Bomb’ published over the decades. We browsed through ‘The Population (Revised)’ (Rivercity Press, 1975), which is the version hyperlinked at the beginning of the quote, and we were unable to find the last two statements noted as [1] and [2]. This does not mean they are incorrect. For example, [2] is included by Wikiquote as a quote from Paul R. Ehrlich.]
PJ O’Rourke explained what was going on in his 1994 book ‘All the Trouble in the World’:
The bullying of citizens by means of dreads and fights has been going on since paleolithic times. Greenpeace fundraisers on the subject of global warming are not much different than the tribal Wizards on the subject of lunar eclipses. “Oh no, Night Wolf is eating the Moon Virgin. Give me silver and I will make him spit her out.”All the Trouble in the World: The Lighter Side of Famine, Pestilence, Destruction and Death, PJ O’Rourke, 1994, pg. 12
Family Planning and State Intervention
But there is more going on here than just gulling the gullible; the overpopulation hysteria of the 1960s and 1970s had world-changing consequences, effects that are just now becoming clear. It’s not fair (though it is fun) to blame Ehrlich; the truth is that the full-blown family-size freakout emerged from a pseudo-science that held growth was a threat to prosperity. Influential organisations were founded by very worried people. The Population Council and the International Planned Parenthood Federation were both created early on, in 1952. Developing nations began promoting aggressive family planning initiatives, often with substantial support, and sometimes with coercive pressures, from Western governments and international agencies.
The United Nations, the World Bank and bilateral donors, particularly the United States through USAID, increasingly integrated population control into foreign aid programmes. High fertility rates, particularly in Asia, Africa and Latin America, were viewed not merely as demographic trends but as Malthusian obstacles to modernisation, poverty alleviation and global security. China implemented its infamous “One-Child Policy” in 1979 with coercive measures, including forced sterilisations and abortions. India conducted mass sterilisation campaigns, particularly during the Emergency period (1975–1977), often using force or extreme social pressure, including withholding ration cards. A number of countries in East Asia saw aggressive state-controlled programmes, often funded by the World Bank, that sought to use questionable and coercive methods to reduce population growth quickly and permanently.
In more than a few cases, of course, the availability of contraception was actually a means of freeing women to make a choice to have fewer children. But combining this choice with state-sponsored coercion meant that even those who wanted more children, or would have wanted more children if the social pressures had been more sensibly used, were diverted from their private dream of several children.
That would be bad enough, if that were the end of the story. But it is only the beginning, because the sanctimony of scientism has created an actual population crisis, one that will affect the world for decades. Some nations may never recover, at least not in their present form. That crisis is the population bust.
Shrinking Planet: Which Nations Will Peak When?
I did some back-of-the-envelope calculations, using available data. What I was trying to calculate was the year of projected peak population for the 26 countries where the data are reliable enough to make an educated guess. That projection is based on Total Fertility Rates, and accounting for immigration, and mortality (life expectancy) trends. These estimates are, at best, approximations, because in some cases the data are not strictly comparable. But the data I do have are drawn from the United Nations World Population Prospects, OECD statistical reports, and national demographic data.

Peak population years are based on UN World Population Prospects (PDF) mid‑variant projections, supported by regional reports noting that most European and North American nations will peak in the late 2030s. Japan already peaked around 2008, South Korea around 2025, and Israel – with a total fertility rate (“TFR”) near 3.0 – may not peak this century.
As is noted in the final row of the table, the replacement rate for total fertility is about 2.10, given trends in life expectancy and assuming no net migration.
This raises a question: if all these countries have TFRs below replacement, what is actually happening to the world’s population? The answer is simple, though it has not been talked about much. The world population is going to peak and then start to decline. The total number of people on Earth will begin to fall sometime in the near future. The actual date of the peak is a matter of conjecture, since it depends on specific assumptions, but the estimates appear mostly to fall between 2060 (assuming current TFRs are constant) and 2080 (if TFRs increase slightly, and life span increases):

None of this needed to happen, folks. There is plenty of room on Earth, as you know if you have ever flown across Australia, Canada or, for that matter, the US at night – there is a lot of empty space.
Let’s do a thought experiment: there are 8.1 billion people on Earth now. Suppose all of them lived in the US state of Texas (for those Texans reading this, I know it seems like we are moving in that direction; the traffic in Dallas is remarkable!). Texas has an area of 676,600 square kilometres. So, supposing present trends continue and literally the whole world did move to Texas, what would that look like?
Well, 8.1 billion in 676,600 km² is about 12,000 people per square kilometre. That’s slightly more dense than the five boroughs of New York (about 11,300 per square kilometre), but much less than Paris (20,000) and dramatically less than Manila (nearly 44,000). Now, New York and Paris are pretty crowded, but people do live there, and even go there voluntarily to visit sometimes. Even if the entire current global population had to move into Texas, it’d be only marginally more annoying than Manhattan at rush hour.
So, here’s the takeaway: there was no good reason for the population hysteria of past decades. As I tried to argue in an earlier piece, those predictions were ridiculous even at the time. And we need not be concerned about reviving the “population bomb,” because there is plenty of room, even if the human population does start to grow again, and even if we all had to move to Texas.
The effects of population decline are already starting to be felt in countries such as South Korea and Japan. As the average age climbs, the absolute number of people under 40 starts to decline. Unless something changes, the world population in general, and many specific countries, will face circumstances that, until now, have only ever been observed during catastrophic plagues or savage wars: blocks of empty houses, abandoned cities and hordes of elderly people who lack the ability to provide for themselves. The difference in the present case, however, is that we are not suffering from famine or war. As Antony Davis pointed out, the current collapse of world civilisation is a consequence of a striking failure to recognise that human beings are the most valuable resource we have.
Some Notes on Sources
- TFR data comes from OECD and UN: OECD average TFR was 1.5 in 2022
- OECD Social Indicators 2024
- The Real Reason People Aren’t Having Kids, The Atlantic
- Fertility Rate, Total for OECD Members, St. Louis Federal Reserve
- List of countries by past fertility rate Wikipedia.org
- Country-specific TFRs drawn mostly from UN/EU data, such as: Total fertility rate, Wikipedia.org
- Charted: When Every Continent’s Population Will Peak This Century visualcapitalist.com
- More countries, including China, are grappling with shrinking and ageing populations, The Atlantic
- Denmark’s TFR (1.55 in 2022) is from its national statistics
Korea’s extremely low TFR (0.7 in 2023) is from OECD press releases
You might also want to read these previous articles published by The Exposé:
- Self-appointed elites want far fewer people in the world and they have wanted this for a long time
- 47 quotes from self-styled “elites” demonstrating they really do want to reduce the world’s population
- The decades-long effort to reduce the world’s population through United Nations agencies
- Did Stanley Johnson’s report for the UN initiate the US depopulation policy and The Kissinger Report?
- China’s vanishing population: What role did covid play in the genocide that’s unfolding?
- What is China’s population, and why does it matter?

Three items regarding CO2 and the climate hoax
- Letter from Dr. Thorpe Watson to the Prime Minister of Canada re: CO2 (published by permission)
- Review of Ronald Grabyan’s 2025 study: Global Atmospheric CO2 Lags Temperature by 150 yr between 1 and 1850 AD
- Review of physicist Darwin Throne’s new book Hoax! Why Burning Fossil Fuels Doesn’t Cause Climate Change
Regards,
Bud Bromley
Dear Prime Minister,
QUESTION: Do carbon emissions (aka “carbon dioxide”, “CO2”) increase the CO2 content of the atmosphere?
ANSWER: NO!
Intuitively, and without any knowledge of physical chemistry, it would have been reasonable to answer this question in the affirmative. In fact, a comparison of annual increases to annual emissions suggests that our emissions are responsible for at least 50% of the atmospheric increase.
Then why is the answer “NO”? The following solves this mystery, hopefully in terms that can be understood by people outside the scientific community, especially by our politicians.
THE MISGUIDED NARRATIVE ON CARBON EMISSIONS
The sale of carbon credits and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are often promoted as solutions to the climate crisis (an imaginary, political hobgoblin) but are, in reality, ineffective and misleading. These virtue-signaling practices are wasting resources by duplicating the natural carbon-absorbing role of the oceans.
Far from being a pollutant, carbon dioxide (CO2) is essential to life, as critical as water, oxygen, and sunlight. It supports plant growth and sustains ecosystems. Alarmingly, atmospheric CO2 levels are already near the threshold where plant growth will falter.
Western society’s fear that carbon emissions (i.e. CO2) will destabilize the climate stems from fatally-flawed climate models and the flawed assumption that human emissions significantly increase atmospheric CO2 levels. The latter assumption overlooks fundamental principles of physical chemistry, particularly Henry’s Law and phase equilibrium, which govern CO2 distribution between the atmosphere and oceans.
Consider a hypothetical lifeless planet with the Earth’s atmosphere. Emitting 100 tonnes of CO2 would move all of the atmosphere’s CO2 molecules closer together, thereby increasing the partial pressure of CO2 throughout the atmosphere. However, if oceans are subsequently introduced, they act as a natural sink, absorbing both new and old CO2 molecules indiscriminately until equilibrium is restored.
The new CO2 molecules need not be absorbed for this equilibrium to take effect, rendering it impossible to attribute specific atmospheric CO2 increases to human emissions.
One might assume that, given the oceans hold roughly 50 times more CO2 than the atmosphere, only 2 tonnes of a 100-tonne emission would remain in the air. This oversimplification ignores Henry’s Law, which dictates that atmospheric CO2 levels depend on the non-ionic CO2 content in the ocean’s surface layer, itself influenced by sea-surface temperature (SST). Warmer oceans release more CO2, while cooler oceans absorb it. Thus, observed rises in atmospheric CO2 are closely tied to increasing SST rather than to fossil fuel emissions.
In other words, the level of atmospheric CO2 is controlled by the concentration of non-ionic CO2 in the surface layer of the oceans, all in accordance with Henry’s Law. And the concentration of non-ionic CO2 in the surface layer of the oceans is controlled by the SST. Any excess atmospheric CO2 reacts with salt water to form carbonate ions (ionic CO2 – see Figure 2 below).
In conclusion, the observed increases in atmospheric CO2 may be attributed to increases in the SST and NOT to fossil fuel emissions. The fear of such emissions as a climate destabilizer is unfounded, confirming the claim that there is no climate crisis. CCS and carbon credits misdirect resources from addressing real environmental challenges.
Respectfully submitted,
Dr. Thorpe Watson
190 Cambridge Rd.
Trail, BC V1R 2J1
250-368-3527
Note the green curve adjacent to the x-axis – non-ionic CO2.

New Study: Higher CO2 Levels Do Not Precede Or Control Temperature Increases
‘Hoax!’ A Physicist’s Case Against The CO2-Driven Climate Narrative: Professor Throne’s new book: Hoax! exposes flaws in the CO2 climate narrative and shows why fossil fuels don’t drive climate change.
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Tagged carbon dioxide, climate, climate-change, co2, environment, global-warming, Politics, science, sustainability
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On Mamdani and other regressive creatures
At least 10 more years of lawfare ahead…then constant cherry nitpicking ‘told you so’ complaints, while ignoring positives, by so-called experts and academics, not to mention mainstream media.
The people (researchers, NGO’s, govt bureaucrats at all levels, contractors) addicted to money from public dole will not give up their golden goose without a fight. And the oligarchs who designed this mess want total control of the people and natural resources; it is not enough for them to already be able to buy anything they want, it is a compulsion to control. It is like asking a king, count or duke in feudal England to give up his power and fiefdom from which he taxes and controls his people; he cannot accept that his people are sovereign. King John I of England murdered most of his 20+ barons who had forced him to sign the Magna Carta which gave some sovereignty to the people. John had those barons murdered even though most of them were his cousins and uncles.
Zohran Mamdani, Keir Starmer, Ursula von der Leyen, Hillary Clinton, and similar in all countries push universal childcare, government run grocery stores, open borders, limits to freedom and property, etc. What could possibly go wrong with programs like these? They have failed where they have been tried. They call themselves progressives or coastal progressives in their upside down Orwellian Newspeak.
Newspeak refers to a fictional language created by George Orwell for his 1949 dystopian novel Nineteen Eighty-Four. It is designed to limit freedom of thought and control the population of the fictional country Oceania by drastically reducing the vocabulary and simplifying the grammar of the English language, making it impossible to express ideas that contradict the ideology of the ruling Party. Read the book. Watch the multiple versions of the movie. Then read almost any document of United Nations, World Economic Forum, World Health Organization document, or ICLEI, “a global network of more than 2500 local and regional governments” probably being implemented in your town https://iclei.org/our_vision/ . Václav Klaus understands. The former President of the Czech Republic, authored the book Blue Planet in Green Shackles: What Is Endangered: Climate or Freedom? and another book: Free Society Fatally Endangered. https://www.klaus.cz/english-pages/
Trump and his successors will continue to shut down corrupt globalist programs, but every shutdown and defunding will be challenged in courts. It will take time. The U.S. Congress just sits on their asses and does nothing substantive, though a law could fix it immediately, as does the European Parliament and similar in most countries. The situation in the climate change industry after all these years of brainwashing is almost identical to the transition of the Soviet Union into Russia; the people shut it down. Today there are still many Russians who want a return to Stalin-like rule, but not enough. Re-educating indoctrinated true believers, especially those academics who truly believe they are the experts, is much more difficult than was their indoctrination into the religion of government tyranny.
You may recall the old proverb (maybe Reagan? Or Churchill?) : “If the government is put in charge of the desert, then soon there will be no more sand.” If the government is in charge of the environment, then soon the environment will be destroyed. If the government is in charge of childcare or groceries, or private property, or freedom of expression, then soon there will be no more children, groceries, private property, or free speech. These same ‘progressives’ are the same people who believe the planet is overpopulated and eugenics is the solution. They believe vaccines and geoengineering must be used to reduce human population. Apparently this lesson will surprise many people.
They never learned the lesson of the tragedy of the commons from the colonial period and the Pilgrim colony in Boston. Academics and more recently courts fight for more government control and resist the lesson of the ‘tragedy of the commons’, which summarizes the overall problem with socialism, communism and excessive government bureaucracy in general. Government bureaucracy is a shared common resource supposedly working for the benefit of the people, but, like the overgrazed Boston pasture, the accountability and responsibility of private ownership are missing and the bureaucracy eventually grows to the point that its leaders work primarily to protect and grow the bureaucracy, their headcount and budget rather than to serve the people as originally intended. This is how the U.S. and most other countries got our deep state swamps.
The late Jerry Pournelle (1933-2017), an American science fiction writer, journalist, and scientist described a derivative of the overall problem we face as “The Iron Law of Bureaucracy”. Pournelle’s Iron Law of Bureaucracy states: “In any bureaucratic organization, there are two types of people: those devoted to the organization’s actual goals, such as dedicated teachers, engineers, and scientists, and those dedicated to the organization itself, including administrators, union officials, and headquarters staff. In every case, the second group—the individuals focused on the bureaucracy’s survival and expansion—will ultimately gain and maintain control, writing the rules and controlling promotions within the organization. This dynamic leads to a situation where the mission of the organization is increasingly subordinated to the interests of its internal structure, often resulting in inefficiency and a focus on self-preservation rather than achieving stated objectives.” “The law has been used to explain phenomena like the persistence of government departments, the failure of reforms, and the prevalence of inaction and ritualistic behavior in large institutions.”
The tragedy of the commons is an economic and environmental theory describing a situation where individuals, acting in their own self-interest, deplete or spoil a shared resource, even though it is in everyone’s long-term interest to preserve it. This occurs because the resource is rivalrous in consumption, non-excludable, and scarce, meaning one person’s use diminishes the amount available for others, and no one can be effectively prevented from using it. The concept was popularized by ecologist Garrett Hardin in a 1968 essay published in the journal Science, although the underlying idea dates back to classical antiquity, with Aristotle observing that “That which is common to the greatest number has the least care bestowed upon it”. Hardin used the example of herders sharing a common pasture; each herder benefits individually from adding more livestock, but the cost of overgrazing is shared by all, leading to the eventual ruin of the pasture. The conservative Pilgrims in the Boston colony shared a common pasture, the Boston Common, which became dilapidated and useless because no individual owned it and took responsibility for maintaining it, and thus it was destroyed by overgrazing.
Millennials, Gen-Z’ers and younger generations who vote for Mamdani for mayor of New York City and his ilk elsewhere should study the Soviet Union. A commune sounds great, but in reality people waited in long lines in freezing weather in front of giant grocery and other stores on Red Square in Moscow. The shelves were mostly empty, the manikins mostly bare. Centrally controlled government bureaucracy was responsible for growing and distributing food and making everything according to plans produced by experts. But the plans failed time and again. But around the corner was a fully stocked grocery where ex-pats and politically connected could buy anything. Now imagine Mr. Mamdani’s latest proposals, universal child care, and government run grocery stores for example. In short order, that would become universal indoctrination, limits on numbers of children, and food shortages.
Hardin argued that this dynamic is inevitable without intervention, as individuals prioritize immediate personal gain over the collective good, leading to overconsumption and depletion of resources like water, land, and fish stocks. He cited the collapse of the Grand Banks cod fishery as a real-world example, where advances in fishing technology led to massive overfishing, ultimately destroying the fishery. The theory has been applied to modern issues such as pollution, where the atmosphere and oceans are treated as common dumps for waste, leading to problems like acid rain and climate change. Hardin concluded that the solution lies in “mutual coercion, mutually agreed upon,” suggesting that regulations, private property rights, or collective action are necessary to manage shared resources sustainably. Why is it so difficult to see that in all of history Adam Smith’s capitalism has delivered the most success to humanity?
Of course, the theory of the tragedy of the commons has been widely debated and criticized in academia. No one should be surprised that most academics, intellectuals, globalists etc continue to argue for forms of socialism and communism or worse; most would say like Hillary Clinton ‘it takes a village’ to raise a child or to do most anything. A communal village sounds virtuous until you try it. Mao required that his people give up their metal, cookware, plows, etc for the good of the commune and tens of millions of his own people starved to death.
Some scholars argue that over-exploitation is not inevitable, as communities can manage common resources effectively through self-imposed rules and cooperation. The work of economist Elinor Ostrom, who won the Nobel Prize, demonstrated that many common-pool resources are successfully managed by local communities without privatization or top-down government control. Evidence please. Critics also point out that Hardin’s historical example of common land in England may be inaccurate, as the open-field system persisted for centuries without the predicted collapse. But those fields were owned with feudal responsibilities to the royal. Furthermore, Hardin’s views on overpopulation have been criticized as simplistic and racist. Despite these critiques, the concept remains a foundational idea in discussions about sustainability, resource management, and the challenges of collective action.
The founders and framers of the United States of America, as well as Adam Smith and others of the Scottish Enlightenment wrote a Declaration of Independence and U.S. Constitution and books of genius like The Wealth of Nations which implemented limited government, individual sovereignty, private property and personal rights, capitalism, and control of government by and for the people. But the so-called ‘coastal progressives’ like Mr. Mamdani and most Democrats in America as well as globalists around the world argue for the opposite of individual sovereignty and rights; they want to return to government control of the people, 15 minute cities and the like. If you look around the world today, governments are advocating and rapidly taking away rights of free speech, freedom of movement, property rights, religious rights, even the right to control what is injected into your own body and the information you are allowed to know. This is a war for your mind and body.
So far, it appears that most of America is standing for sovereignty, freedom and individual rights.
Meanwhile U.S. Democrats and globalists in the European Union, United Kingdom, Australia, United Nations, NGOs, etc are regressing rapidly, doubling and tripling down, like a cult, or Iran, Russia, North Korea, Venezuela or tyrant retreating to their ideological bunkers, protected by bought-and-paid for mainstream media and globalists.
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Tagged bureaucracy, caitalism, climate-change, communism, covid-19, environment, global tyranny, global-warming, history, marxism, Pandemic, philosophy, Politics, science, Trump
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Hawai’i’s mistaken net zero carbon law
Bud’s comment published under “EXCLUSIVE: Top House Committee Opens Probe Into Climate Activist Group Attempting To ‘Influence’ Judges” at https://dailycaller.com/2025/09/01/exclusive-house-judiciary-committee-probe-climate-activist-group/
Hawaii’s green net zero law should be repealed immediately. The only effects of this law will be to increase energy costs and thus costs of everything in Hawaii. No reduction in CO2 or warming will ever result from Hawaii’s ill-advised, misfeasant or malfeasant law.
Hawaii’s legislature and governor did not do their due diligence. Human-produced CO2 from for example fossil fuels does not increase temperature. Many research papers show there is no correlation between the trend of estimated CO2 emissions from fossil fuels compared to the trend of NOAA Mauna Loa-measured CO2 in air. This means that human-produced CO2 from fossil fuels cannot be causing climate change or global warming, therefore efforts to reduce human-produced CO2 are futile and wasted money and resources.
A cause cannot follow its effect. Correlation is insufficient evidence of cause, however, if human CO2 emissions are causing the slowly increasing slope in measured CO2 (~2.5 ppm/yr) as claimed by UN IPCC et al, then among the evidence must be a positive correlation between the slope of estimated fossil fuels CO2 emissions (the largest source of human CO2 emissions) and the measured slope of net CO2, e.g., NOAA Global Monitoring Lab Mauna Loa. But there no such evidence exists. The slope (or time derivative) of measured CO2 trend with FOLLOWS (not leads) the time derivative of the ocean surface temperature (SST); this was reported by Kuo, Linberg and Thomson who published their finding in Nature in 1990; see https://www.nature.com/articles/343709a0
Several other studies have confirmed this using a variety of data analysis methods: The most recent of these studies is by Koutsoyiannis et al. see https://www.mdpi.com/2413-4155/5/3/35?fbclid=IwAR2U7ahMzdW0U79yGhgc-iJJoDavJ6xEhyQKG1AuoEvxcH4T_wk4s-HzkmM
Professor Emeritus of business statistics puts it as follows: “The finding is consistent with prior studies that found no evidence to relate the rate of warming to emissions and they imply that the IPCC carbon budget is flawed possibly because of insufficient attention to uncertainty, excessive reliance on net flows, and the use of circular reasoning that subsumes a role for fossil fuel emissions in the observed increase in atmospheric CO2.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2997420 and “...The results do not indicate a measurable year to year effect of annual anthropogenic emissions on the annual rate of CO2 accumulation in the atmosphere.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2642639 and “…“The results [at the following link] validate the robustness of the previous finding and imply that there is no evidence that atmospheric CO2 is responsive to fossil fuel emissions at an annual time scale net of long term trends. This result is robust. It holds for all possible combination of years in the study period 1958-2015.” https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2862438.
In other words, the addition of human-produced CO2 to the atmosphere from burning fossil fuels is not detectable in the trend of measured CO2 in the atmosphere, thus human-produced CO2 cannot be causing climate change, global warming, greening, or the other problems misattributed to human-produced CO2.
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Tagged climate, climate-change, environment, global-warming, Politics, science, sustainability
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Radicals, revolutionaries and their radicalized judges
Democrats and their radicalized judges are actively working to keep illegals and criminal free and voting and inflating census counts in the USA. Inflating the census count increases the number of representatives in a Congressional district relative to other states or voting, pulling representives from another district. The illegal alien or criminal need not vote.
Why are they trying to destroy America? This is not only happening in America. Radical lawfare is happening around the world.
Please feel free to comment.
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Tagged cultural subversion, immigration, news, open borders, Politics, replacement theory
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Congress must fix the judiciary
Soft on crime prosecutors and corrupt judges must be impeached by Congress and defunded. The judiciary does almost nothing to control itself. It has become a political body. MAGA is hamstrung until the judiciary is limited to the Constitution and Bill of Rights as the founders and framers intended.
This lawfare crisis is prevalent in many countries, not only the U.S.A. For example, the rogue judges at the highest level in Brasil interfering in elections and prosecuting former President Bolsonaro, and the judges in Germany illicitly holding in jail world class lawyer Dr. Reiner Fuellmich, or in U.S.A. the atrocious behavior of the courts (e.g. many cases in DC federal district court, appellate court, FIA court and some of the justices on the Supreme Court), not to mention a list of corrupt prosecutors.
Short video:
Has anyone else had enough of the rogue judiciary, unable to discipline itself, expecting citizens to file multi-million dollar legal cases through multiple courts taking years to maybe, perhaps get justice or even find a fair judge and court?
Cases in point:
Federal Judges Keep Defying Supreme Court Orders Against Trump Admin
https://dailycaller.com/2025/08/03/judges-keep-deifying-supreme-court-orders/
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Tagged corruption, lawfare, legal reform, Politics, tort reform
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