budbromley

Exculpatory evidence can be demonstrated live or by video to justices, judges or juries. A measured amount of CO2 gas (e.g., equal to the current ~ 420 ppm in air) is added to normal air containing measured ~420 ppm CO2 in a sealed headspace above a container of seawater.

420 ppm is approximately the global average net atmospheric CO2 concentration, based on the U.S. National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Global Monitoring Laboratory at Mauna Loa, Hawaii.

All of that added 420 ppm CO2 will be absorbed leaving only the initially measured 420 ppm CO2 in the headspace after an hour or so. This is Henry’s Law, one of the gas laws of physics based on the ideal gas laws, proven by hundreds or thousands of experiments since the mid 1800s.

That exculpatory experiment or alternatively with 800 ppm or with 1600 ppm CO2 can be repeated several times with the same seawater and each time all of the added CO2 will be completely absorbed by the seawater leaving at equilibrium only the original 420 ppm remaining in the air headspace above the seawater. The number of repeated experiments possible at a fixed seawater temperature is dependent on the volume of seawater.

Henry’s Law is the ratio of a gas in a liquid relative to the same gas in air above the liquid, whether that is in ocean, soil, raindrops, bubbles, clouds, lungs, plant tissues, lakes, rivers, etc.

This experiment can be iterated by either reducing or increasing the temperature of the seawater. Reducing the seawater temperature will reduce the CO2 concentration in the headspace above the liquid. Increasing the temperature of the seawater will increase the concentration of CO2 in the headspace above the liquid. The law is the same whether it is ocean surface (about 70% of earths surface), or the tissue at surface of a leaf, or the surface of the tissue of your lungs. CO2 is very soluble in water everywhere.

Do you get it?

Humans contribute far less than 420 ppm CO2 to the atmosphere. For the year 2020, according to NOAA measurements, humans did not add more than 2.58 ppm (or 0.6%) of the NOAA-measured net CO2 in air in 2019, since 2.58 ppm was the net increase in measured net CO2 from 2019 to 2020 due to all CO2 sources and sinks natural and human.

These exculpatory experiments demonstrate that seawater easily absorbs more than 100 times the human-contributed amount of CO2 and that the CO2 is not accumulating in the headspace, i.e., in the atmosphere. CO2 added to air is absorbed by ocean. Any CO2 sequestered from air will be returned to air by emissions of CO2 from ocean, soil, plants, and water everywhere.

This experiment can be iterated to show for example that added methane and nitrous oxide gases will be absorbed by the sea water. Henry’s Law applies to all gases, not only CO2, but the absorption and emission rate of each gas is different. The absorption and emission rate of each gas is dependent on the liquid, the temperature at the gas/liquid interface surface and the molecular weight of the gas, more precisely the inverse of the square root of the molecular weight of the gas; this is Graham’s Law.

Do you get it?

I believe even non-science-trained justices, judges and juries will understand this. It is like the supposed murder victim appearing at the trial for his accused killer.

Jamal Munshi, PhD, professor emeritus of business statistics, has shown in multiple papers by multiple statistical methods that there is no positive correlation between (a) the trend of estimated CO2 from global fossil fuel emissions and (b) the trend of NOAA-Mauna Loa-measured net CO2 atmospheric concentration. No positive correlation is expected based on the exculpatory evidence explained in the previous paragraphs. However, a positive correlation between these two trends (a) and (b) is REQUIRED if human-produced CO2 is the cause of (b).

Do you get it?

Al Gore, U.S. EPA and national equivalents, UN IPCC, EU, John Kerry, your representatives in government at all levels do not get it.

Do you get it?