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Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane. PNAS: negative radiative forcing from CO2 uptake is up to 231 times greater than positive radiative forcing from methane emissions.
Enhanced CO2 uptake at a shallow Arctic Ocean seep field overwhelms the positive warming potential of emitted methane
- John W. Pohlmana,1,
- Jens Greinertb,c,d,
- Carolyn Ruppela,
- Anna Silyakovac,
- Lisa Vielstädteb,
- Michael Cassoa,
- Jürgen Mienertc, and
- Stefan Bünzc
-
Edited by Jonathan J. Cole, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Avon, NC, and approved March 8, 2017 (received for review November 15, 2016)
Significance
Methane released from the seafloor and transported to the atmosphere has the potential to amplify global warming. At an arctic site characterized by high methane flux from the seafloor, we measured methane and carbon dioxide (CO2) exchange across the sea−air interface. We found that CO2 uptake in an area of elevated methane efflux was enhanced relative to surrounding waters, such that the negative radiative forcing effect (cooling) resulting from CO2 uptake overwhelmed the positive radiative forcing effect (warming) supported by methane output. Our work suggests physical mechanisms (e.g., upwelling) that transport methane to the surface may also transport nutrient-enriched water that supports enhanced primary production and CO2 drawdown. These areas of methane seepage may be net greenhouse gas sinks.
Abstract
Continued warming of the Arctic Ocean in coming decades is projected to trigger the release of teragrams (1 Tg = 106 tons) of methane from thawing subsea permafrost on shallow continental shelves and dissociation of methane hydrate on upper continental slopes. On the shallow shelves (<100 m water depth), methane released from the seafloor may reach the atmosphere and potentially amplify global warming. On the other hand, biological uptake of carbon dioxide (CO2) has the potential to offset the positive warming potential of emitted methane, a process that has not received detailed consideration for these settings. Continuous sea−air gas flux data collected over a shallow ebullitive methane seep field on the Svalbard margin reveal atmospheric CO2 uptake rates (−33,300 ± 7,900 μmol m−2⋅d−1) twice that of surrounding waters and ∼1,900 times greater than the diffusive sea−air methane efflux (17.3 ± 4.8 μmol m−2⋅d−1). The negative radiative forcing expected from this CO2 uptake is up to 231 times greater than the positive radiative forcing from the methane emissions. Surface water characteristics (e.g., high dissolved oxygen, high pH, and enrichment of 13C in CO2) indicate that upwelling of cold, nutrient-rich water from near the seafloor accompanies methane emissions and stimulates CO2 consumption by photosynthesizing phytoplankton. These findings challenge the widely held perception that areas characterized by shallow-water methane seeps and/or strongly elevated sea−air methane flux always increase the global atmospheric greenhouse gas burden.
Footnotes
- 1To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: jpohlman@usgs.gov.
-
Author contributions: J.W.P., J.G., and S.B. designed research; J.W.P., J.G., A.S., and M.C. performed shipboard research; J.W.P., J.G., and M.C. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; J.W.P., J.G., C.R., and L.V. analyzed data; and J.W.P., J.G., C.R., and J.M. wrote the paper.
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News people
It’s never good when newspeople become the news. Period. Even if it’s fake news disguised as comedy. That’s entertainment, not reality.
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Another climate whistleblower
Physicist Steven Koonin, former undersecretary in the Department of Energy in the Obama administration has become a whistleblower regarding the “Obama administration’s manipulated ‘climate change’ data.” “What you saw coming out of the press releases about climate data, climate analysis, was, I’d say, misleading, sometimes just wrong.”
Short video interview by Wall Street Journal:
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Waiting for disaster
There will never again be a unified America so long as Congress does not take out its trash and do its job right.
We don’t need all this intelligence bureaucracy if there is transparency in government and government and its contractors live by the same rules, laws and policies as citizens.
Congress had better get it done before the credit bubble crashes, unless their purpose is another civil war. And that includes ending the ability to create money and credit out of thin air. What family doesn’t have to manage their budget? Their banker and lawyer buddies could shut it down if Congress doesn’t get a budget done on time. “It” is the credit bubble, not just the government.
How is Congress going to get the country out from under this banking extortion and government corruption? So long as the political establishment in Washington, D.C. including Congress, the representatives of the people, live by different rules than the people who employ them, there will be division in America. That division will last until all of them are replaced.
Our Speakers of the House all go down in flames. Let’s start with that. But there is also the sordid history of the Clintons, and more. Take this example of corruption: Dennis Hastert “is the longest-serving Republican Speaker of the House in history.”
“In May 2015, Hastert was indicted on federal charges of structuring bank withdrawals to evade bank reporting requirements and making false statements to federal investigators.[4][5] Federal prosecutors said that the money was to compensate for and conceal deliberately-unspecified misconduct by Hastert against an unnamed individual years earlier.[6][7][8][9][10] Soon afterward, public accusations emerged that Hastert had sexually abused three male students (including the aforementioned unnamed individual) when he was a teacher more than three decades earlier.[11][12][13][14][15][16]”
“In October 2015, Hastert entered into a plea agreement with prosecutors. Under the agreement, Hastert pleaded guilty to the “structuring” charge (a felony), and the charge of making false statements was dropped.[17] In court submissions on sentencing considerations filed in April 2016, federal prosecutors made allegations of sexual misconduct against Hastert, saying that he had molested at least four boys as young as 14 while he worked as a high school wrestling coach decades earlier.[18] At the sentencing hearing later that month, Hastert admitted that he had sexually abused boys whom he coached.[19] The judge in the case referred to Hastert as a “serial child molester” and imposed a sentence of fifteen months in prison, two years’ supervised release, and a $250,000 fine.[20][3] He entered the Federal Medical Center prison in Rochester, Minnesota on June 22, 2016.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dennis_Hastert
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Perguntas a fazer sobre a Palestina (ou qualquer país) feição da soberania
When you click through to this blog piece on the Palestinian issue, scroll down to the English translation if that’s more convenient. Source: Perguntas a fazer sobre a Palestina (ou qualquer país) feição da soberania
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Perguntas a fazer sobre a Palestina (ou qualquer país) feição da soberania
Excellent. You could have stopped the bullet list at “When was it founded and by whom?” and “What were its borders?” It’s a great piece but perhaps there is a bit too much at once, so it feels a bit too much of the eye for an eye. But does it get us to peace? I wonder. Every one of your sentences could be another paragraph or a separate blog post. Try to get MEMRI to post it.
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Waiting for control
You have to imagine
a waiting that is not impatient
because it is timeless.
R. S. THOMAS, The Echoes Return Slow
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User interface
You sir will be speaking to your computer. Will you allow your computer to set up how your life is run?
Or, when software is installed, will you be in control?
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