1. Letter from Dr. Thorpe Watson to the Prime Minister of Canada re: CO2 (published by permission)
2. Review of Ronald Grabyan’s 2025 study: Global Atmospheric CO2 Lags Temperature by 150 yr between 1 and 1850 AD
3. Review of physicist Darwin Throne’s new book Hoax! Why Burning Fossil Fuels Doesn’t Cause Climate Change 

Regards,

Bud Bromley

Dear Prime Minister,

QUESTION: Do carbon emissions (aka “carbon dioxide”, “CO2”) increase the CO2 content of the atmosphere?

ANSWER: NO!

Intuitively, and without any knowledge of physical chemistry, it would have been reasonable to answer this question in the affirmative. In fact, a comparison of annual increases to annual emissions suggests that our emissions are responsible for at least 50% of the atmospheric increase.

Then why is the answer “NO”? The following solves this mystery, hopefully in terms that can be understood by people outside the scientific community, especially by our politicians.

THE MISGUIDED NARRATIVE ON CARBON EMISSIONS

The sale of carbon credits and carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies are often promoted as solutions to the climate crisis (an imaginary, political hobgoblin) but are, in reality, ineffective and misleading. These virtue-signaling practices are wasting resources by duplicating the natural carbon-absorbing role of the oceans.

Far from being a pollutant, carbon dioxide (CO2) is essential to life, as critical as water, oxygen, and sunlight. It supports plant growth and sustains ecosystems. Alarmingly, atmospheric CO2 levels are already near the threshold where plant growth will falter.

Western society’s fear that carbon emissions (i.e. CO2) will destabilize the climate stems from fatally-flawed climate models and the flawed assumption that human emissions significantly increase atmospheric CO2 levels. The latter assumption overlooks fundamental principles of physical chemistry, particularly Henry’s Law and phase equilibrium, which govern CO2 distribution between the atmosphere and oceans.

Consider a hypothetical lifeless planet with the Earth’s atmosphere. Emitting 100 tonnes of CO2 would move all of the atmosphere’s CO2 molecules closer together, thereby increasing the partial pressure of CO2 throughout the atmosphere. However, if oceans are subsequently introduced, they act as a natural sink, absorbing both new and old CO2 molecules indiscriminately until equilibrium is restored.

The new CO2 molecules need not be absorbed for this equilibrium to take effect, rendering it impossible to attribute specific atmospheric CO2 increases to human emissions.

One might assume that, given the oceans hold roughly 50 times more CO2 than the atmosphere, only 2 tonnes of a 100-tonne emission would remain in the air. This oversimplification ignores Henry’s Law, which dictates that atmospheric CO2 levels depend on the non-ionic CO2 content in the ocean’s surface layer, itself influenced by sea-surface temperature (SST). Warmer oceans release more CO2, while cooler oceans absorb it. Thus, observed rises in atmospheric CO2 are closely tied to increasing SST rather than to fossil fuel emissions.

In other words, the level of atmospheric CO2 is controlled by the concentration of non-ionic CO2 in the surface layer of the oceans, all in accordance with Henry’s Law. And the concentration of non-ionic CO2 in the surface layer of the oceans is controlled by the SST. Any excess atmospheric CO2 reacts with salt water to form carbonate ions (ionic CO2 – see Figure 2 below).

In conclusion, the observed increases in atmospheric CO2 may be attributed to increases in the SST and NOT to fossil fuel emissions. The fear of such emissions as a climate destabilizer is unfounded, confirming the claim that there is no climate crisis. CCS and carbon credits misdirect resources from addressing real environmental challenges.

Respectfully submitted,

Dr. Thorpe Watson

190 Cambridge Rd.

Trail, BC V1R 2J1

250-368-3527

thorpe77@telus.net

Note the green curve adjacent to the x-axis – non-ionic CO2.

New Study: Higher CO2 Levels Do Not Precede Or Control Temperature Increases

‘Hoax!’ A Physicist’s Case Against The CO2-Driven Climate Narrative: Professor Throne’s new book: Hoax! exposes flaws in the CO2 climate narrative and shows why fossil fuels don’t drive climate change.